Most research up to this point adopts a gender binary approach to gathering data. According to that research, what accounts for male and female differences in aggression? Cite relevant research findings.
What will be an ideal response?
Contemporary thought cautions against adopting a simple gender binary or division. Physical aggression is more prevalent among males than females. According to social learning theory, girls and boys are born
with the potential to be equally aggressive; however, girls are socialized differently and taught to not be aggressive. Research shows that boys and girls are equally physically aggressive toward their peers when they are toddlers, but gender differences emerge during school years. Some researchers contend that environmental cues are important in the strategies that boys and girls use in various situations.
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Which of the following occurs when the researcher says that a relationship exists when in fact none exists?
a. Type I Error b. Type II Error c. Null Hypothesis d. Relationship Fallacy
In the United States, the concept of “innocent until proven guilty” creates many problems for local jails. Which portion of the jail population is in direct conflict with the presumption of innocence?
a. Individuals being held for the military b. Persons awaiting transfer to state correctional facilities c. Persons awaiting transfer to federal correctional facilities d. Pretrial detainees
Brookes and other critics of American prisons contend that operating a humane prison system is almost impossible because corrections has ________ as its dominant purpose/justification/ideology.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The _______________________ theories tie delinquency rates to socioeconomic conditions and cultural values; areas that experience high levels of poverty and social disorganization will also have high delinquency rates
a. social structure c. social traits b. social process d. social learning