The nurse adds a nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern to a patient's care plan. Which sleep condition caused the nurse to assign this nursing diagnosis?
a. Insomnia
b. Narcolepsy
c. Sleep deprivation
d. Obstructive sleep apnea
ANS: D
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when the muscles or structures of the oral cavity or throat relax during sleep. The upper airway becomes partially or completely blocked, diminishing airflow or stopping it for as long as 30 seconds. The person still attempts to breathe because chest and abdominal movements continue, resulting in snoring or snorting sounds. With narcolepsy, the person feels an overwhelming wave of sleepiness and falls asleep. Insomnia is characterized by chronic difficulty falling asleep. Sleep deprivation is a condition caused by dyssomnia. OSA is the only one of these conditions that results in blockage of the airway and impacts the ability to breathe.
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The nurse is reviewing the results of a literature search and wants to determine the strength of the evidence. In which order, from strongest to weakest, should the nurse analyze this data?
1. Single, well-conducted clinical trials 2. Single descriptive or qualitative study 3. Expert opinion of authorities or committees 4. Single correlational study or observational studies 5. Systematic reviews of randomized and nonrandomized trials 6. Systematic review of descriptive studies including qualitative 7. Systematic review of correlational studies or observational studies
A general appropriate nursing intervention for someone with a dissociative disorder is:
A) Allow the person to be alone whenever s/he feels the need B) Force the person to participate in unit activities C) Encourage the person to participate in unit activities D) Discourage friendships and interpersonal relationships
The client at 20 weeks' gestation thinks she might have been exposed to a toxin at work that could affect fetal development. The client asks the nurse what organs might be affected at this point in pregnancy. What is the nurse's best response?
1. "The brain is developing now, and could be affected." 2. "Because you are in the second trimester, there is no danger." 3. "The internal organs like the heart and lungs could be impacted." 4. "It's best to not worry about possible problems with your baby."
Which ethical principle might be difficult for the community/public health nurse to implement?
a. Nonmaleficence b. Beneficence c. Justice d. Respect for autonomy