A pregnant woman with a history of asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I am very nervous about making my baby sick."
Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient?
a. The antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection are teratogenic.
b. Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.
c. Because she is at an early stage of HIV infection, the infant will not contract HIV.
d. It is likely that her newborn will become infected with HIV unless she uses antiretroviral therapy (ART).
ANS: B
Only 25% of infants born to HIV-positive mothers develop HIV infection, even when the mother does not use ART during pregnancy. The percentage drops to 2% when ART is used. Perinatal transmission can occur at any stage of HIV infection (although it is less likely to occur when the viral load is lower). ART can safely be used in pregnancy, although some ART drugs should be avoided.
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