Which of the following is the best example of a confounding variable jeopardizing the internal validity of a study?
a. Researchers perform a factor analysis and, in the inferential factor-naming stage, assign names to the factors that cause disagreements with other researchers.
b. A participant in a psychotherapy effectiveness study receives counseling from a minister in addition to the therapy provided in the study.
c. A participant in a psychotherapy study who is placed on a waiting list receives no treatment at all while other participants in the same study are receiving psychotherapy.
d. Two variables are found to correlate highly with each other, when in fact they are both caused by a third, unmeasured, variable.
B
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An individual who tends to self-verify is more likely to be ____ than is an individual who does not
a. a. high in public self-consciousness high in public self-consciousness b. more introspective c. a low self-monitor d. schematic with regard to many aspects of the self-concept
If a familiar word or image is used to link two other words or items, you are using the type of mnemonic known as the keyword method
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A bar patron tells his buddies, "I've been studying you guys for months now, and I conclude that you are all nuts!" The bar patron applied a crude type of
a. structured observation. b. naturalistic observation. c. practice effect. d. time-sampling.
Bill believes that he is a failure at work. Later he comes to believe that he is a failure at home, even though this assessment is inaccurate. Rotter would say that Bill:
a. has low reinforcement value in both situations b. is generalizing his expectations inappropriately c. finds his work uninteresting and his family life exciting d. has extremely high minimal goals