Describe the various types of sources of measurement error. Give examples of each.
What will be an ideal response?
Time sampling error – results from repeated administrations of a test to the same individual. Important concepts related to time sampling error include: a) carryover effects, which occur when an experimental treatment continues to affect a participant long after the treatment is administered; b) practice effect: occurs when individuals improve their scores across test administrations as a result of increased familiarity and comfort with a test and the content that is being assessed; and c) fatigue: occurs when clients tire from multiple administrations of a test
Content sampling error – related to the development and construction of tests and occurs when test items selected do not adequately assess the construct the test was designed to assess. This is viewed as the most common source of error observed in test scores.
Test administration error – when standardized administration protocol for a test is not followed as specified. Examples include fire drills, lighting and temperature in the testing room, power outages, and medical emergencies.
Test taker variables – individual differences in test takers that cannot be accounted for by the test administrator. Examples include motivation, fatigue, illness, anxiety, and test-taking ability.
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a. true b. false