According to the hypothesis of _____________ realism, while there is an objective reality, what is known are the mental representations of objects.
a. direct
b. immediate
c. indirect
d. mediated
Answer: c. indirect
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What can we conclude about cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward older women?
a. Other cultures present alternative models for the way that older women can be viewed. b. Cross-cultural research shows few differences; older women are viewed as relatively powerless in all cultures. c. Older women are viewed negatively only in western societies; other societies view women's loss of power with age as a positive attribute. d. Cultures in which elderly women are viewed positively are likely to view older men negatively, suggesting that society must favor one gender over the other.
"Overwhelmed" is to identity ____ as "completed" is to identity ____
a. moratorium; foreclosure b. diffusion; achievement c. achievement; moratorium d. foreclosure; diffusion
The sleeper effect refers to the finding that, over time, ____
a. people tend to become more and more stubborn about their opinions (and less easily persuaded to adopt alternative points of view) b. people tend to become more open to, or accepting of, persuasive arguments that they hear repeatedly c. people tend to become inoculated against (better able to counter-argue) persuasive arguments that they hear repeatedly d. people tend to forget where (or from whom) they heard a persuasive argument or piece of information
For her dissertation, Emily is interested in examining the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on the behavior of newborn infants. For ethical reasons, Emily cannot manipulate the amount of alcohol consumed by pregnant mothers; therefore, she should
a. conduct an experiment with randomly selected mothers and their infants. b. abandon this research topic and choose some other topic to investigate. c. conduct a correlational study with alcoholic mothers and their infants. d. conduct a single-subject study with one volunteer mother and her infant.