Psychology is composed of many specialties. Choose three psychological specialties and summarize them: What aspect of psychology does each one deal with; how does each one approach its subject matter?
What will be an ideal response?
* Clinical psychology involves the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
* Counseling psychology deals with less serious problems than those treated by clinical psychologists.
* Research psychologists are interested in conducting and reporting the results of experiments.
* School psychology involves helping children succeed socially, academically, emotionally, and behaviorally as well as providing consultation on other problems of school-age children.
* Industrial and organizational psychology involves the application of psychology to problems of business and other organizations.
* Consumer psychology studies consumers and the choices they make.
* Health psychology is concerned with how psychology and social variables affect health and illness.
* Forensic psychology is the application of psychology to the law and legal proceedings.
* Sport psychology provides services to athletes and coaches based on psychological principles.
* Neuropsychology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders.
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Kathleen and Alphonse are expecting their first child, and are having a pleasant conversation about the sex of the baby. Kathleen says, "Well, as long as all of the chromosomes are X, we'll be having a girl!" How can Alphonse best respond?
a. "That isn't exactly right, since it is an XY chromosomal pattern that produces a female baby." b. "Actually, it is only one pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of the baby, but as long as they are both X, you will have a girl.". c. "It is not the chromosomes, but the genes that make up the chromosomes that determine whether we'll have a son or a daughter.". d. "We still have six months to go before the sex of the baby will be determined by the 15th and 16th pairs of chromosomes.".
Damon's dorm room is next door to the bathroom. At the beginning of the term, Damon found his attention captured by each flush of a toilet. His behavior is an example of:
a. sensitization b. learning c. an orienting response d. habituation
Which of the following is not true regarding infants' auditory preferences?
a. Infants prefer to listen to a song sung by an adult to another infant over an adult singing a song alone. b. Infants prefer passages of Mozart with pauses introduced in natural places over passages with pauses introduced in unnatural places. c. Infants prefer intact passages of Mozart to the same passages with scrambled notes. d. Infants prefer to listen to passages judged to be displeasing by adults as much as passages judged to be pleasing.
When the controls of an experiment are lax and the experimenter's conclusion that the independent variable had an effect is not justified, the study lacks _____
a. causal certainty c. a null hypothesis b. internal validity d. external validity