Why must learning be studied with experimental instead of observational techniques?
a. Causes can only be inferred, not observed directly. b. Causes are very similar across situations.
c. Observations only provide evidence of prior experiences.
d. Observational studies are only sufficient to document short-term behavior changes.
ANSWER: a
You might also like to view...
Which of the following is NOT involved in ending a self-modification program?
a. Setting terminal goals b. Phasing out the program by a gradual reduction in the reinforcement c. Increasing reinforcements to solidify the desired behavior d. Being prepared to reinstitute the program if you start slipping
Carla and her five girlfriends went shopping and spent $20, $12, $13, $8, $13, and $9, respectively, on cosmetics. The mode of their expenditures is
a. $9. b. $11. c. $12. d. $13.
Ethical considerations take into account:
a. the rights of the research participant. b. the rights of the experimenter. c. the responsibilities of the experimenter. d. all of these
Which of the following is an example of a social convention?
A) Holding a door open for a stranger B) Pulling over when an ambulance with its sirens on is behind you C) Not returning your neighbor's chain saw after you borrowed it D) A child not stealing the neighbor's child's bicycle