In his discussion of Thomas Kuhn and paradigms in science, the author contends that sociology is a “multiparadigm” science. What is a paradigm? Why is sociology a multiparadigm science? What are the consequences for consensus within the discipline?
What will be an ideal response?
but should include a definition of paradigm as a general model of the world that is accepted by most practitioners in the field. Answer may include description of a single-paradigm science such as astronomy and physics, which have agreed-upon premises and are free to do research within the confines of that paradigm. In single-paradigm sciences, work contributes to the consensus within the entire discipline, but eventually the paradigm collapses and is replaced by another one. In a multi-paradigm science such as sociology, no single paradigm is strong enough to unify the discipline. There is research within each of multiple paradigms that coexist and expand over time but doesn’t contribute to consensus within the discipline. It is more difficult to accumulate knowledge. There is no revolution because no single paradigm is held, then replaced. The basic assumptions of each of the existing paradigms are constantly open to question or attack by those who operate using different paradigms, and there are more controversies than in single-paradigm fields. The result is a less universally agreed-upon base of knowledge resulting from cumulative study in sociology.
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The popularity of the Chi Square test is largely due to
a. easy computations. b. the fact that it can be computed only for interval-ratio level variables. c. the need to assume a normal sampling distribution. d. the relative ease with which the model assumptions can be satisfied.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Three quarters of seniors live independently and only about 4% live in nursing homes or other care facilities. 2. Activities of daily living are things that people become less and less able to do with age, including feeding, dressing, toileting, and taking care of one’s own household and medications. 3. Typically, grandfathers have more frequent interactions with their grandchildren and do more caregiving for them. 4. Grandparents today have more responsibilities for their grandchildren than ever before.
______ refers to wars fought by paramilitary forces, targeting civilians, containing high levels of sexual violence, and using child soldiers.
A. Globalized intrastate wars B. Localized interstate wars C. Campaigns of ethnic cleansing D. Terrorism
Which describes the social/minority model of disability?
a. disability is unnatural and out of order with nature b. disability as deviance based on scientific and empirical explanations c. disability is an element of diversity d. human biology and biological function with social contexts