Molten iron is in a large foundry ladle at 1600ºC. Air at 150ºC is directly above the surface of the molten iron and the convective heat transfer coefficient is 300 W/m^2 ?K. Iron at atmospheric pressure has a saturation temperature of 1538ºC and a heat of fusion of 247.3 kJ/kg. If the convective heat transfer coefficient between the molten iron and the freezing iron is taken as 500 W/m^2, determine the time to form a 5-mmthick surface of solid iron in the ladle.
What will be an ideal response?
In this problem assume that the solid iron will stay at the top, although this is probably not quite reality since the solid density is a bit more than the liquid iron density. With this assumption, however, Equation 10-78 may be used to predict the dimensionless time,
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