The endocrine and nervous systems function to coordinate and regulate the activities of cells and tissues throughout the body
To achieve these types of control, both systems rely on chemical agents, but the chemicals function differently at the cellular level. Describe the functional differences between hormones and neurotransmitters.
Hormones travel through blood over long distances, whereas neurotransmitters are released only at synapses. Neurotransmitters are designed to convey a message very quickly so that an immediate response can be generated. In contrast, hormones are much slower acting, priming the target for a later developmental event. Both require receptors to trigger a cellular response, but the specificity of hormones comes about from unique receptors on target cells throughout the body.
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To maintain homeostasis freshwater fish must _____
A) excrete large quantities of electrolytes B) consume large quantities of water C) excrete large quantities of water D) take in electrolytes through simple diffusion
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in homozygous recessive (ff) humans that typically causes death in the early thirties. Over time, we would expect the f allele frequency to _____ for this trait
A) remain the same B) increase C) decrease D) fluctuate
The TCA cycle is located in the ________ of bacteria, and in the ________ of eukaryotes.
A. cytoplasm; mitochondrial matrix B. plasma membrane; mitochondrial matrix C. plasma membrane; inner mitochondrial membrane D. cytoplasm; inner mitochondrial membrane
Small circular pieces of DNA that are found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell are called:
a. capsules b. nucleoids c. plasmids d. ribosomes