Which of the following represented a reaction against romantic, religious, and metaphysical interpretations of nature and society?
a. Darwinism
b. realism
c. positivism
d. Marxism
e. all of the above
e
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Which of these brought the scholar gentry to prominence?
A) their knowledge of Buddhism B) their wealth and education C) their noble birth, regardless of talent D) their independence from the influence of the emperor and central government
Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of Zheng He?
a. The Chinese had suffered great epidemics from their contacts in the Indian Ocean. b. Zheng He's fleet was sunk by Portuguese naval might. c. The government opposed increased contact with people considered as barbarians. d. The unpredictable weather of the Indian Ocean made these voyages too unsafe. e. Zheng He used the fleet to lead a revolution against the Ming emperor.
Einhard's biography of Charlemagne is best understood as
A) an unconvincing attempt to portray Charlemagne as a Roman emperor. B) wildly exaggerated with little basis in fact. C) a rebirth of serious historical writing during a true intellectual renaissance. D) an attempt to have Charlemagne declared a Christian saint. E) evidence of the continuity of Roman culture into Charlemagne's time.
Which of the following reflects the relationship between law and race in the antebellum era?
a) It was a crime for a black person to be insolent to a white person. b) Black business owners depended on white favors and patronage. c) People of color became planters and assimilated into white society. d) People of color were considered to be free if their father was white.