Milliequivalent is a term used to describe the:
1. Weight of a substance in a solution
2. Volume occupied by a substance in a solution
3. Number of particles of a substance in a solution
4. Combined atomic numbers of all the substances in a solution
3
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The liver receives nutrient-rich blood from the gut, pancreas, spleen, and stomach from the
a. hepatic artery. c. portal vein. b. hepatic vein. d. intralobular veins.
Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action of digoxin?
A. Digoxin binds to and inhibits Na/K ATPase. Inhibition of Na/K ATPase increases intracellular concentration of Na+ ions. Increased intracellular Na+ decreases the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger and allows intracellular Ca++ concentrations to increase. Increased intracellular Ca++ increases the formation of actinomyosin and increases the force of myocardial contractions. B. Digoxin binds to and inhibits Na/K ATPase. Inhibition of Na/K ATPase decreases intracellular concentration of Na+ ions. Decreased intracellular Na+ increases the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger and allows intracellular Ca++ concentrations to decrease. Decreased intracellular Ca++ increases the formation of actinomyosin and increases the force of myocardial contractions. C. Digoxin stimulates Na/K ATPase. Stimulation of Na/K ATPase increases intracellular concentration of Na+ ions. Increased intracellular Na+ decreases the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger and allows intracellular Ca++ concentrations to increase. Increased intracellular Ca++ increases the formation of actinomyosin and increases the force of myocardial contractions. D. None of the above are correct.
How do angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as enalapril (Vasotec), work to reduce HF? Select all that apply. ACE inhibitors:
a. prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. b. cause systemic vasodilation. c. promote the excretion of sodium and water in the renal tubules. d. reduce preload and afterload. e. increase cardiac contractility. f. block sympathetic nervous system stimulation to the heart.
Which interview question demonstrates cultural competency when conducting an admis-sion interview for a Jewish patient being admitted for severe depression?
a. "Is there a history of depression in your family?" b. "Do you find comfort in your religious beliefs?" c. "Has been being Jewish contributed to your depression?" d. "How has your family responded to you since you have been depressed?"