In Samson v. California (2006), SCOTUS expanded the ruling from U.S. v. Knights, holding that law enforcement officers can search parolees' homes:
a. only with reasonable suspicion
b. without either warrants or individualized reasonable suspicion.
c. only with warrants.
d. only with probable cause.
b
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Frederick Lawrence argues that criminals motivated by bias deserve to be punished more severely than those who commit identical crimes for other motives. Why is this so?
A. Because bias crimes are more likely to be violent and result in serious physical injury to the victim. B. Because bias crimes harm not only the victim but also the "target community." C. Because bias crimes violate the shared value of equality among citizens. D. Bias crimes should be punished more severely for all these reasons.
Those who de-emphasize the differences between criminal law and civil law in responding to white collar crime stress all but which of the following points?
a. Both branches of law require some form of intent b. Tort sanctions can also be punitive c. Both branches of law involve public and private interests d. Both branches of law follow identical procedures
After World War II, the retributive model of corrections was adopted as the dominant theory influencing prison practices
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
According to the U.S. Supreme Court, under the 8th Amendment, the test for the legality of use of force against prisoners is whether the force is applied in a _______ effort to maintain or restore discipline, or whether it is applied sadistically and maliciously for the specific purpose of causing harm.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).