A patient comes into your clinic exhibiting generic cancer symptoms. In order to help form a diagnosis, you ask about patient history and they tell you that they worked for years in an agricultural job, primarily in handling food for large bovine animals and then later working with insect pesticide treatment of grain fields. You decide to test for elevated levels of the environmental agent(s) ________ in their body and focus your cancer diagnosis on ________ based on the established associations of epigentic effects and cancer.
A. cadmium and arsenic; lung, breast and nasal cancer
B. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene; lung, breast, stomach and skin cancer
C. nickel and cadmium; stomach and skin cancer
D. arsenic and endocrine disruptors; skin, bladder, liver and kidney cancer
E. benzene; breast, prostate and thyroid cancer
Answer: D
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You are using genetic engineering to design a protein that needs to be synthesized in the cytoplasm and then localized in the nucleus of the cell. To accomplish this, one could add
A) a nuclear localization signal into the DNA that will be present in the mature protein. B) the compound during mitosis, at a time when the nuclear membrane is dispersed. C) a nucleotide or few nucleotides to the protein. D) a series of specific polysaccharides to the carboxyterminal end of the protein. E) all of the above
What is the correct order of events that occur during one round of infection by bacteriophage T4?
1) The bacterial cell is lysed. 2) Phage proteins and DNA are synthesized, and bacterial DNA is degraded. 3) New phages are assembled. 4) The phage head proteins enter the bacterial cell. 5) The phage injects DNA into the bacterial cell. A) 4, 2, 3, 1 B) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 C) 5, 1, 2, 3 D) 5, 2, 3, 1 E) 4, 5, 3, 1
Which of the following is not a viral order in the classification system?
A. Caudovirales B. Mononegavirales C. Vaccinia virus D. Nidovirales
The nerve gas Sarin kills by blocking
acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that degrades acetylcholine. What effect does this have? a. ACh breakdown stops. b. It results in paralysis of skeletal muscles, confusion, and slurred speech. c. Signals for breathing may be disrupted. d. ACh breakdown stops, and signals for breathing may be disrupted. e. ACh breakdown stops; paralysis of skeletal muscles, confusion, headache, and possibly death