Define and describe the media access control method used by Ethernet.
What will be an ideal response?
Ethernet uses a control method known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). All nodes that wish to transmit a frame on the cable are in contention with one another. No single node has priority over another node. The nodes listen for any packet traffic on the cable. If a packet is detected, the nonsending nodes go into "defer" mode. The Ethernet protocol permits only one node to transmit at a time. Transmission is accomplished by sending a carrier signal. Carrier sense is the process of checking communication media for a specific voltage level indicating the presence of a data-carrying signal. When no signal traffic is detected on the communications medium for a given amount of time, any node is eligible to transmit. Occasionally, more than one node transmits at the same time, which results in a collision. A transmitting node uses the collision detection software algorithm to recover from packet collisions. This algorithm causes the stations that have transmitted to continue their transmission for a designated time. The continued transmission is a jam signal of all binary ones that enables all listening nodes to determine that a collision has occurred. The software at each node then generates a random number, which is used as the amount of time to wait until transmitting. This ensures that no two nodes attempt to transmit again at the same time.
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