The text suggests that organizations that seek to control global flows face competition from organizations that are fluid and open. What is meant by this? Provide an example of competition between a traditional and an open organization. Give one example of criteria that limit the effects of openness.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Answers will vary but should include a discussion of how open systems such as Linux (in book), Wikipedia (in book), or Uber (not in book) are challenging traditional systems like Microsoft, encyclopedias, or taxis, because open systems gain cheaper development and refinement from experts by letting down the gates for participation and ownership. Traditional systems sell their items at a high cost and are created by employees only, but this limits the intelligence and ideas that can be drawn upon for creation or correction. There is a limit to openness because those in lower classes or in the Global South may not have access to the internet or computer equipment to be able to effectively participate.