What is the major difference in pathophysiology between asthma and COPD?
A. Asthma is a restrictive disorder and COPD is an obstructive disorder.
B. COPD results in permanent airflow obstruction and asthma is a condition of re-versible airflow obstruction.
C. COPD is caused by chronic exposure to inhalation irritants and the major cause of asthma is cigarette smoking.
D. Asthma is the result of an inflammatory process and COPD is a result of inflam-matory, infectious, and hyperresponsiveness processes.
B
Asthma is an intermittent problem that demonstrates tissue return to normal between attacks; thus, any tissue changes during an attack are reversible. COPD is a continuous process (with pe-riods of exacerbation), with permanent tissue damage. Hyperresponsiveness is a characteristic of asthma but not of COPD.
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A patient becomes unresponsive. The patient's heart rate is 32 beats/min, idioventricular rhythm; blood pressure is 60/32 mm Hg; SpO2 is 90%; and respiratory rate is 14 breaths/min. Which of the following interventions would the nurse do first?
a. Notify the physician and hang normal saline wide open. b. Notify the physician and obtain the defibrillator. c. Notify the physician and obtain a temporary pacemaker. d. Notify the physician and obtain a 12-lead ECG.
A nurse who provides the information and support that clients and their families need to make the decision that is right for them is practicing what principle of bioethics?
a. Justice b. Fidelity c. Nonmaleficence d. Autonomy
List three components of the patient's chart.
What will be an ideal response?
The nurse is unable to auscultate the client's breath sounds. To determine the cause of this problem, the nurse checks the stethoscope to ensure that the:
a. Stethoscope tubing is at least 20 inches long. b. Valve is open to the diaphragm on the head of the stethoscope. c. Earpieces are pointed toward the back of the nurse's ear. d. Bell is placed firmly against the client's skin.