In a classic study reported by Tolman (1948), rats were exposed to a complex maze that had three different paths to food: Path 1 was shortest, Path 2 was a bit longer, and Path 3 was the longest
After experiencing
all of the paths, rats showed a strong preference for Path 1 (the shortest path). Then, the researchers blocked
Path 1 — which also, as it turns out, blocked Path 2. What did rats do when they were placed in this situation?
a) After being blocked at Path 1, they tried Path 2, then finally chose Path 3.
b) After being blocked on Path 1, they kept trying Path 1 over and over again.
c) After being blocked at Path 1, they tried Path 2, and then kept trying Path 2 over and over again.
d) After being blocked at Path 1, they immediately switched to Path 3 (not even bothering with Path 2).
Answer: d
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a. ?agreeableness b. ?openness c. ?conscientiousness d. ?extroversion
People experience different emotions in response to the same stimulus and react differently to things based on their personal likes or dislikes. Understanding this phenomenon is a characteristic of:
A) the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. B) the postconventional stage of moral development. C) assimilation and accommodation. D) a theory of mind.
The statistical phenomenon that causes a group's average performance on one measure to appear closer to the mean of that measure at the second measurement is referred to as a(n) ____ threat
a. history b. mortality c. instrumentation d. regression
An initial guess or plan about how to organize a stimulus pattern is referred to as a
a. cognitive style. b. perceptual hypothesis. c. sensory hypothesis. d. perceptual closure.