A 70-year-old woman who loves to garden has small, flat, brown macules over her arms and hands. She asks, "What causes these liver spots?" The nurse tells her, "They are:
a. "Signs of decreased hematocrit related to anemia."
b. "Due to the destruction of melanin in your skin from exposure to the sun."
c. "Clusters of melanocytes that appear after extensive sun exposure."
d. "Areas of hyperpigmentation related to decreased perfusion and vasoconstriction."
ANS: C
Liver spots, or senile lentigines, are clusters of melanocytes that appear on the forearms and dorsa of the hands after extensive sun exposure. The other responses are not correct.
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