Which of the following was NOT a reason for the decline of the kingdom of Axum?
a. Conquest by the newly established Islamic empire in the seventh century CE
b. The rise of Islam, which altered trade routes in a way not favorable to Axum
c. Soil exhaustion, which lessened agricultural prosperity
d. Erosion, brought on by extensive deforestation as the land was stripped of trees to fuel the iron industry, which lessened agricultural productivity
Answer: a. Conquest by the newly established Islamic empire in the seventh century CE
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