Robert Agnew argued that strain (stress) can come from sources other than economic failure. His micro-level strain theory of ( ) identifies several kinds of strain, such as the presentation of negative stimuli (e.g., getting teased at school or crime victimization) or the loss of positive stimuli (e.g., getting dumped by your close friend or the loss of a parent). Agnew claimed that strain is likely to lead to "negative affective states," including anger, fear, frustration, or depression, that can lead to crime.
a. Institutional Anomie Theory
b. Social Disorganization Theory
c. General Strain Theory
d. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
c. General Strain Theory
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