Body mass index (BMI) is
a. the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference.
b. weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
c. an indicator of personal satisfaction with current body weight.
d. weight in kilograms divided by waist cir-cumference in centimeters.
B
Body mass index = weight (kg) ÷ height (m)2 . The ratio of waist circumference to hip circumfe-rence is known as waist-to-hip ratio. Body mass index indicates degree of overweight or under-weight but not personal satisfaction with current body weight. Weight divided by waist circum-ference is not used in clinical practice.
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Most nursing research involves a mixed method design
A) True B) False
The leadership style that focuses on engaging everyone's knowledge and skills, and creating a group commitment to intended goals is called
A. Visionary B. Democratic C. Coaching D. Pacesetting
What disorder of the anus is this patient likely to have?
A 42-year-old house painter comes to your clinic, complaining of pain with defecation and profuse bleeding in the toilet after a bowel movement. He was in his usual state of health until 2 weeks ago, when he was injured in a car accident. After the accident he began taking prescription narcotics for the pain in his shoulder. Since then he has had very few bowel movements. His stool is hard and pebble-like. He states he has always been “regular” in the past, with easy bowel movements. His diet has not changed but he states that he is exercising less since the accident. His past medical history includes hypertension and he is on a low-dose diuretic. He has had no other chronic illnesses or surgeries. He has a family history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes but no cancer. He is divorced and has three children. He smokes two packs of cigarettes per day and quit drinking more than 10 years ago. He has had no recent weight loss, weight gain, fever, or night sweats. On examination he appears muscular and healthy; he is afebrile. His blood pressure is 135/90 with a pulse of 80. His cardiac, lung, and abdominal examinations are normal. He is wearing a sling on his left arm. On observation of his anus you find a swollen bluish ovoid mass that appears to contain a blood clot. Digital rectal examination is extremely painful for the patient. No other mass is palpated within the anus or rectum. A) Anal fissure B) External hemorrhoid C) Anorectal cancer D) Internal hemorrhoid
The nurse is conducting a study that will consider how heart clients respond to various interventions following a heart attack. The nurse is concerned about the threat that testing could pose to the internal validity of the study
How might testing affect the study? A) The long commute that a subject must take to a testing center as part of the study might change the subject's response to an intervention. B) One subject develops an unrelated anemia, which causes fatigue, which in turn affects the outcome of the study. C) Multiple measurements of participants' cortisol levels could cause stress in the participants and thus influence their cortisol levels, thereby altering the outcome of the study. D) Mistakes are made when a number of subjects who should have been assigned to one intervention group are assigned to another, which may affect the outcome of the study.