A meta-analysis that examined the extent to which spirituality and religiosity are associated with psychological outcomes found which of the following outcomes?
a) Spirituality and religiosity play a positive but modest role in the development of adolescents and emerging adults.
b) Spirituality and religiosity play a substantial positive role in the development of adolescents and emerging adults.
c) Spirituality and religiosity play a modest negative role in the development of adolescents and emerging adults.
d) Spirituality and religiosity play a substantial negative role in the development of adolescents and emerging adults.
Answer: a
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According to cognitive dissonance theory, "we come to love the things we suffer for." For example, we tend to be especially loyal to groups that require severe or painful initiations. Why does this happen?
a. This happens because the goals themselves (the things that we suffer for) are actually always very valuable; otherwise, we wouldn't have suffered for them in the first place. b. This happens because, deep down, people really like to suffer. c. This happens because we are motivated to justify the time and effort we've spent on our choices. d. This happens because classical conditioning is at play: when we finally reach our goals, our suffering ends. We therefore associate our goals with "end of suffering" and come to love them.
The sensory aspect of pain activates the ____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activates the ____ cortex
a. cingulate; somatosensory b. somatosensory; cingulate c. fusiform; premotor d. premotor; fusiform
Dr. Gauche likes to make fun of student comments in class. She finds that every time she does this, students make fewer comments the rest of the class period. Apparently, Dr. Gauche's jokes are ____ the students for talking in class
a. punishing b. negatively reinforcing c. positively reinforcing d. imitating
On the surface, Chuck is a charming, intelligent, and good looking individual. Yet he constantly lies, has no sense of responsibility, is reckless, feels no guilt when his actions harm others, and never learns from his mistakes. If Chuck's behavior is considered abnormal, he would most likely be diagnosed as having a(n):
a. antisocial personality c. dissociative disorder b. borderline personality d. schizoid disorder