Which of the following fungi usually form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in which the outer cells of the plant roots are penetrated by the fungal hyphae?
A. Chytridiomycetes
B. Ascomycetes
C. Basidiomycetes
D. Deuteromycetes
E. Glomeromycetes
Answer: E
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Synaptic integration refers to
A. the summing of multiple excitatory or inhibitory influences in a postsynaptic neuron. B. the fusing of presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. C. the binding of Ca2+ions to secretory vesicles in presynaptic neurons. D. the binding of secretory vesicles to the presynaptic neuron membrane. E. the enzymatic degradation of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.
The botulism toxin ____
a. is an endotoxin b. is produced by an extremophile c. may be found as a contaminant in expired food d. is marketed as Botox e. causes muscles to contract
About half of all miscarriages are caused by ____
a. chromosomal abnormalities b. alcohol use during pregnancy c. cleft palate d. tobacco use during pregnancy e. illegal drug use during pregnancy