What is hardiness? How do hardy individuals cope with stress?
What will be an ideal response?
A hardy individual is likely to cope adaptively with stress brought on by the inevitable changes of life. Researchers have identified a set of three personal qualities—control, commitment, and challenge—that, together, they call hardiness. First, hardy people regard most experiences as controllable. Second, they display a committed, involved approach to daily activities, finding interest and meaning in almost all of them. Finally, they view change as a challenge—a normal, welcome, even exciting part of life.
Hardiness influences the extent to which people appraise stressful situations as manageable. These optimistic appraisals, in turn, predict health-promoting behaviors, tendency to seek social support, reduced physiological arousal to stress, and fewer physical and emotional symptoms. Furthermore, high-hardy individuals are likely to use active, problem-centered coping strategies in situations they can control. In contrast, low-hardy people more often use emotion-centered and avoidant coping strategies—for example, saying, "I wish I could change how I feel," denying that the stressful event occurred, or eating and drinking to forget about it.
You might also like to view...
Research on the base rate in connection with the representativeness heuristic has demonstrated that
a. people pay too much attention to the base rate in making probability judgments. b. people often reach the correct decision when the question is worded differently. c. training sessions are generally unsuccessful at getting students to use base-rate information appropriately. d. the conjunction fallacy explains why people pay so little attention to the base rate.
Like learning, memory:
a. is an inferred capacity b. cannot be directly observed c. occurs through the law of effect d. involves the formation of US-CS links
One way in which exercise is believed to improve cognitive functioning is by increasing levels of ____________ in the brain
A) cortisol B) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) C) glucocorticoids D) flavonoids
In this image, the #4 indicates ____________________ filaments, the #5 indicates ____________________ filaments, and the #7 indicates a ____________________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).