How did the commercial organization of Europe change during the High Middle Ages?
What will be an ideal response?
Commercialism grew significantly in the Middle Ages with exposure to the markets in Constantinople as well as points further East, including trade imports coming from the Silk Road and even China. Merchants became a professional class in the Middle Ages, and the transformation of towns was due to the growth of trade. Long-distance trade required a reorganization of how companies operated: they needed a home base for management of the business, as well as agents and ship operators for smooth operation. Ships, including the cog, were redesigned to carry more cargo in different environments. Municipal governments sponsored convoys of ships to travel together for protection. Credit was instituted for the purposes of long-distance trade, and governments sponsored schools for prospective merchants to learn business, math, and other skills needed for their enterprises. With the crises of the fourteenth century, however, many companies went bankrupt because of the drastic decline in trade.
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