Describe how three of Freud's followers developed their own psychodynamic theories. Explain ways in which their theories differed from Freud's theory
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
? Carl Jung—founded analytical psychology after breaking from Freud professionally and personally. In contrast to Freud, Jung emphasized how the unconscious mind also harnesses creativity. Jung believed that in addition to having a personal unconscious, humans also possess a collective unconscious.
? Alfred Adler—viewed the social environment as critical to personality development. He believed that people develop an inferiority complex, an abnormal personality that results from struggling with feelings of inferiority in one's social environment.
? Karen Horney—like Adler, saw social dynamics as critical to personality. Instead of sexual conflicts, Horney viewed interpersonal conflict between children and their parents as important to personality development. Also, she did not believe females experience penis envy toward males.
? Both Adler and Horney placed far less emphasis on sexual conflict and personality development than did Freud.
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Where in the eye does a physical light stimulus become a neural message?
A. Optic nerve B. Photoreceptors C. Blind spot D. Visual cortex
Mothers who __________ have fewer birth complications and shorter labors
A) choose cesarean delivery B) give birth at home C) are supported by a trained companion during childbirth D) are administered epidural analgesia during childbirth
Two types of systematic observation used in child development research are naturalistic and structured observation. Explain the benefits and limitations of each
What will be an ideal response?
Amelia has a large group of friends. She likes to spend her time with friends and family during weekends and vacations. She is also very thoughtful and always makes time for them. She believes that establishing and maintaining relationships is very important. Amelia is most likely to have a high need for
A. power. B. survival. C. affiliation. D. achievement.