Vygotsky stated that cognitive development occurs as a result of the child interacting with the
social environment. Children acquire more knowledge and concrete skills via direct teaching
and discovery activities.
Of major importance to Vygotsky's theory are the concepts of
scaffolding and the zone of proximal development.Define each of these concepts. How would the
information processing theory explain the phenomena of scaffolding and the zone of proximal
development?
What will be an ideal response?
Scaffolding – providing hints, cues and other assistance to aid child in learning a task; telling a child
the target word rhymes with ____.
Zone of proximal development – based on capabilities of individual children; zone is what child can
do on own; what can do with assistance; and accomplishing task on own. What the child can do with
assistance will vary as to where child is at beginning of instruction and complexity of task.
Information processing theory – focuses on individual child; scaffolding task, will be both age-related
and tailored to individual child; zone will depend on working memory capabilities.
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Phineas Gage underwent dramatic personality changes after he experienced serious damage to his __________ lobe
a. temporal b. occipital c. parietal d. frontal
Research regarding the attitudes of Americans toward those who are overweight has ____
a. ?not been conducted on a large enough scale to know whether a prejudice exists b. ?shown that overweight people are viewed more favorably than normal weight people c. ?shown that weight does not influence the views we hold about others d. ?shown that overweight people are viewed less favorably than normal weight people
You cannot force others to trust you.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Which of the following persons is most likely to maintain good intellectual functioning into old age?
a. Sarah, of average intelligence, who does the crossword puzzle every day and takes a brisk one-hour walk each morning b. Jim, who has a high IQ and reads regularly, but rarely exercises c. Paul, who has a high IQ, runs three miles each day, and plays handball regularly, but doesn't read even the daily paper d. We do not have enough information to make a prediction.