A client says, "I know my family history puts me at risk for cardiovascular disease. What can I do to reduce my risk?" Which facts should the nurse consider when formulating a response?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Diet and physical activity contribute to the development of CVD.
2. As the American diet has become higher in calories and fat, the incidence of cardiovascular disease has increased.
3. The environment can trigger genetic changes that are outside the client's control.
4. Diet control and exercise should control genetic influences on disease development.
5. Epigenetic changes may or may not influence big differences in phenotype.
1,2,3,5
Rationale 1: The role of diet and physical activity in the development of CVD is a well-established fact.
Rationale 2: The relationship between a diet high in calories and fat and the incidence of CVD is well established.
Rationale 3: The environment can serve as a trigger for epigenetic changes in DNA.
Rationale 4: It is unclear whether diet control and exercise can overcome the role of genetics.
Rationale 5: Depending on the modification, the effect on phenotype may be small.
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