When a change in the dependent variable could be due to participants' familiarity with the test, __________ is a threat to internal validity
a. attrition
b. testing
c. diffusion of treatment
d. instrumentation
B
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Which of the following is a difference between an iron triangle and an issue network?
a. Iron triangles are open networks while issue networks are closed. b. Issue networks are more open and inclusive than iron triangles. c. Issue networks serve private interests while iron triangles serve public interests. d. Iron triangles are more fluid and control of policymaking is less predictable than in an issue network.
The creation of the Panama Canal by the United States is consistent with the Roosevelt Corollary of the Monroe Doctrine
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Which of the following best describes the hypodermic theory on the effects of media?
a. To be effective, media needs to be more than skin deep. b. Media is readily accepted. c. Media gives people a sense of well-being. d. Media has little or no effect on people.
Which of the following statements is true of the U.S. courts of appeals?
A) They hear evidence or testimony. B) A single judge presides over court proceedings in appellate courts. C) There are fifty-two federal courts of appeals in the United States. D) They review the transcript of the trial court's proceedings. E) They form the lowest tier of the federal court system.