List four lines of evidence that support a link between cancer and genetics. Describe the ultimate cause of cancer and
how an individual’s life-style might reduce the chances of developing cancer. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: The link between cancer and genetics is supported by these four lines of evidence. First, a
predisposition to more than 50 forms of cancer is inherited to one degree or another. Second,
most chemicals that cause cancer also cause mutations. Third, some viruses carry genes that
promote and maintain the growth of cancer in infected cells. Last, specific chromosomal
changes are found in certain forms of cancer, especially leukemia. Mutation is the ultimate
cause of cancer and because there is a constant background of spontaneous mutations, there
will always be a baseline rate of cancer. Environment and behavior can also play a significant
role in cancer risks by increasing the rate of mutation. An individual can decrease his/her
chances of developing cancer by avoiding ultraviolet light, reducing exposure to cancercausing
chemicals, eating a healthful diet, and not smoking.
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