Hospital nurses are observed in order to determine exactly how long nurses swab IV ports with alcohol. Because they are being observed, they "scrub the hub" longer than they ordinarily would have. This is an example of what concept relevant to quantitative research?
a. Bias
b. Control
c. Inaccurate operationalization of variables
d. Hawthorne effect
ANS: D
Subjects' knowledge of a study could influence their behavior and possibly alter the research outcomes. This threatens the validity or accuracy of the study design. An example of this type of threat to design validity is the Hawthorne effect, which was identified during the classic experiment at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company during the 1920s and 1930s. The employees at this plant exhibited a particular psychological response when they became research participants: they changed their behavior simply because they were subjects in a study, not because of the research treatment.
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Identify the statement that most accurately compares the ethical code for nurses with the law
a. If a law is not broken, then the nurse is following the ethical code. b. If the ethical code and the law have a dis-crepancy, it is always better to follow the law. c. The ethical code encompasses all the per-tinent laws. d. If the ethical code is violated, a law is also violated.
There are four primary scientific principles for therapeutic touch. Which of the following is not one of these principles?
A) A human being is bilaterally symmetrical. B) A human being is an open energy system. C) Distractions of modern life interfere with healing agents. D) Illness is an imbalance in an individual's energy field.
A nurse admits a client diagnosed with pneumonia. The client has a history of chronic renal insufficiency, and the health care provider orders furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg twice a day. What is most important to include in the teaching plan for this client?
a. That the medication will have to be monitored very carefully owing to the client's diagnosis of pneumonia. b. The fact that Lasix has been proven to decrease symptoms with pneumonia. c. The fact that Lasix has shown efficacy in treating persons with renal insufficiency. d. That the medication will need to be given at a higher than normal dose owing to the client's medical problems.
Warfarin is an anticoagulant.
a. true b. false