Compare and contrast the autonomic and somatic nervous systems with reference to the following: (1) the types of effectors stimulated; (2) number of neurons involved; and (3) the specific neurotransmitters released onto effectors
What will be an ideal response?
(1) The autonomic nervous system (ANS) stimulates structures that are controlled involuntarily, including smooth and cardiac muscle tissue and glands. The somatic nervous system (SNS) stimulates only voluntary muscle tissue in skeletal muscles.
(2) In every case except one (stimulation of the adrenal gland), the ANS uses two neurons (a preganglionic and postganglionic) to conduct impulses from the CNS to the effector. The SNS always uses only one neuron.
(3) The ANS uses ACh to transmit impulses from preganglionic neurons to postganglionic neurons, and then may release either ACh or NE from the postganglionic neuron (depending on the specific division of the ANS). The SNS releases only ACh onto its effectors.
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