When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased work-load, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:
a. increase in size.
b. decrease in length.
c. increase in excitability.
d. decrease in number.
ANS: A
Hypertrophy is a compensatory increase in the size of cells in response to mechanical stimuli (also called mechanical load or stress, such as from stretching, repetitive, chronic, pressure, or volume overload) and consequently increases the size of the affected organ. The cells of the heart and kidneys are particularly prone to enlargement. A decrease in length is not associated with hyper-trophy. A deficiency of electrolytes or minerals could lead to an increase in excitability; it is not due to increased workload or related to hypertrophy. A decrease in cell numbers is referred to as hypoplasia.
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