What are possible premature infant complications from oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation?
a. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity
b. Anemia and necrotizing enterocolitis
c. Cerebral palsy and persistent patent ductus arteriosus
d. Congestive heart failure and cerebral edema
ANS: A
Oxygen therapy, although lifesaving, is not without hazards. The positive pressure created by mechanical ventilation creates an increase in the number of ruptured alveoli and subsequent pneumothorax and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Oxygen therapy puts the infant at risk for retinopathy of prematurity. Anemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, cerebral palsy, persistent patent ductus, congestive heart failure, and cerebral edema are not primarily caused by oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation.
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