Research has shown that in some instances, just the expectation that a medication or treatment will work is enough for relief to be felt. This is called the placebo effect and is a true physiologic response. What can reverse the placebo effect?
A) Morphine
B) Naloxone
C) Celecoxib
D) Acetylsalicylic Acid
Ans: B
Feedback: The placebo effect results from natural (endogenous) production of endorphins in the descending-control system. It is a true physiologic response that can be reversed by naloxone, an opioid antagonist. Option A is incorrect; morphine is a narcotic and could not reverse the placebo effect caused by the endogenous production of morphine-like substances in the body. Options C and D are incorrect; Celecoxib or Celebrex is a Cox 2 inhibitor, an NSAID, and Acetylsalicylic Acid is aspirin, neither of which can act as an opioid antagonist.
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