What is most closely associated with membrane-attack complexes (MACs)?
a. complement proteins
b. helper T cells
c. B cells
d. histamines
e. cytokines
a
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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that is activated by high levels of AMP in cells. If levels of AMP are high in cells, that means that levels of ATP are low. Once active, AMPK activates catabolic pathways and inhibits anabolic pathways in the cell. Why do you think that is the case? Choose the answer that best explains the role of AMPK.
A. High levels of AMP indicate that there is a high amount of energy stored in the cell, thus activating catabolic pathways and inhibiting anabolic pathways are mechanisms to use stored energy. B. By inhibiting anabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to generate heat for the cell, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell. C. By activating catabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to activate exergonic pathways, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell. D. Activating catabolic pathways and inhibiting anabolic pathways will ultimately lead to higher consumption of ATP, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell. Clarify Question What is the key concept addressed by the question? What type of thinking is required? Gather Content What do you already know about AMP, ADP, and ATP in cells? What other information is related to the question? Choose Answer Do you have all the information needed to make a determination about the change in free energy? Reflect on Process Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
In the morning, you are woken by hundreds of birds chirping in the trees outside your window. Which of the following is evidence of adaptation for birds living in a group?
A. decreased aggression among members of the same species B. increased availability of nesting sites C. increased resistance to diseases D. increased availability of seeds to feed on E. protection against predators
A patient has a disease with symptoms in the outer ear, nose, larynx, and spine. Which cells are most likely to have a problem?
A. Erythrocytes B. Fibroblasts C. Chondrocytes D. Leukocytes E. Osteocytes
Bones continue to grow throughout a lifetime.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)