Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Sir Robert Peel said, “police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to the
public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.”
2. The Secret Service was established by President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1855.
3. Robert Peel’s principles of police helped shape the modern system of policing.
4. The political era is the second era in the evolution of American policing.
5. August Vollmer advocated for the hiring of politicians as police officers.


1. true
2. false
3. true
4. false
5. false

Criminal Justice

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One-man showups are so suggestive of guilt that they are inherently unconstitutional and may never be admitted at trial.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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The male-to-female ratio of serving time in prison has not been recorded over the past few decades

a. True b. False

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Elder abuse includes which forms of victimization under law?

a. Physical abuse b. Personal abuse c. Neglect d. Both a and c

Criminal Justice

Durkheim purported that behavior is controlled by:

a. Personality dimensions. b. Social reaction to someone else’s behavior. c. The law. d. All of the above.

Criminal Justice