Summarize the two explanations for social referencing, and give an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
- Social referencing occurs when an infant searches for information about others' feelings as a guide to interpreting uncertain circumstances.
- One explanation for this behavior is that observing the emotional expressions of another triggers those same emotions in the observer.
- An example of this explanation is that when an infant decodes her mother's fearful expression, that same emotion of fear is triggered in the infant, and she knows to avoid the situation.
- A different explanation is that viewing the expressions and actions of others simply provides information. The feeling state is not aroused in the observer, but information about the situation is gathered.
- An example of this explanation is that when an infant sees his mother backing away from a stranger, rudimentary cognitive processing informs the infant that the stranger is to be avoided.
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a. conducting microscopic analysis of nerve cell damage b. exploring the genome of families that have multiple members affected with a disorder c. educating family members about chances of inheritance d. locating a gene that is responsible for a disorder or trait
Which personality assessments would Freud most likely administer to his clients?
a. ?the MMPI-2 b. ?the Rorschach Inkblot c. ?a self-concept rating scale d. ?the Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
Gender and sexual orientation are the same thing.
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A) The coronation of Queen Victoria B) The development of the modern Protestant denominations C) The cult of the Virgin Mary D) The writings of Augustine