The results of Robert Rescorla's research on the importance of contingency in classical conditioning are analogous to the real-world situation in which people
a. ignore car alarms because they are not dependable predictors of burglary attempts.
b. enter a door that says "no admittance" if they see others using the door.
c. predict weather based on idiosyncratic physiological states or hunches.
d. believe the predictions of horoscopes because they are based on random events.
Answer: a. ignore car alarms because they are not dependable predictors of burglary attempts.
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Infants raised in Israeli kibbutzim
A) are discouraged from developing a strong emotional bond with their mother. B) display far greater stranger anxiety than their city-reared counterparts. C) are routinely passed from one adult to another, which reduces their stranger anxiety. D) show very little stranger anxiety compared with agemates.
Identify an accurate statement about the development of vision in fetuses and infants.
A. The sense of vision is fully developed during the zygote stage. B. At birth, infants are far-sighted. C. Infants can see as well as adults when they are two months old. D. Vision is the sense that is least developed in the fetus.
Christa, a rather demonstrative 7-year-old, hits her brother for laughing at her and feels guilty about it afterward. According to Freud, Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the
A. ego. B. defense mechanism. C. superego. D. id.
When do infants understand specific word meanings?
a. 1 month b. 3 to 6 months c. 6 to 12 months d. 24 to 36 months