The mother of a 4-year-old child rewards and praises the child for helping his younger brother and
for being polite and using good manners.
The nurse supports the use of praise because the qualities
of politeness and helpfulness will likely be internalized and become part of the child's
a. id.
b. ego.
c. superego.
d. preconscious.
ANS: C
The superego contains the "thou shalts," or moral standards internalized from interactions with
significant others. Praise fosters internalization of desirable behaviors. Option A: The id is the center
of basic instinctual drives, and the ego is the mediator. Option B: The ego is the problem-solving
and reality-testing portion of the personality that negotiates solutions with the outside world. Option
D: The preconscious is a level of awareness from which material can be retrieved rather easily with
conscious effort.
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