A ________ is a broad category of criminal defenses claiming that a criminal act occurred but that it was reasonable under the circumstances
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
justification
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Racism does not exist within law enforcement organizations because of the phenomenon of "the brotherhood."
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
?Throughout most of our nation’s history, the three broad constitutional provisions dealing with trial by jury had little applicability in state courts. The U.S. Constitution applied only to trials in federal courts. These practices changed dramatically, however, when the Supreme Court decided Duncan v. Louisiana (1968), ruling that the jury provisions of the Sixth Amendment were incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state courts, as well. Subsequent decisions grappled with the problem of defining the precise meaning of the right to trial by jury. The most important issues concerned the scope of the right to a jury trial, the size of the jury, and unanimous versus nonunanimous verdicts. Stefanie is caught shoplifting at her local pharmacy.
Which of the following is most likely true?? a. she does not have a right to a jury trial b. ? she will have to testify if her case goes to trial c. ? she has a right to a jury trial d. her jury trial must have 9 members
Which of the following statements about police informants is true?
a. They share information with police in exchange for money or special treatment. b. They are undercover cops that develop access to criminal networks. c. The evidence obtained through informants is inadmissible in court. d. They are not utilized during investigations involving juveniles.
The evidentiary standard that courts apply when considering whether to revoke probation is that the _______________
a. alleged violation is proven beyond a reasonable doubt b. court is reasonably satisfied as to the probationer's violation c. alleged violation is established by a preponderance of the evidence d. alleged violation is established by clear and convincing evidence