After you present your excuse for missing class, your instructor tells you that she has found that the more classes students miss, the lower their test grades tend to be. This relationship illustrates a(n)
a. expectancy effect.
b. positive correlation.
c. negative correlation.
d. correlation coefficient.
Answer: c. negative correlation
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On a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is given __________.
A. after a set amount of time has passed B. after varying amounts of time have passed C. after a set number of responses have been made D. after a varying number of responses have been made
Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmentum is associated with a. increased release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
b. decreased release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. c. increased release of norepinephrine in the locus coeruleus. d. increased release of endorphins in the periaqueductal gray.
Vanessa is terrified of becoming fat. Her weight is normal, and most of the time she has normal eating habits, but sometimes she loses control and "binges" on large amounts of food. In an effort to avoid becoming fat, Vanessa makes herself throw up after these binges. Vanessa is exhibiting symptoms of _______________.
a. bulimia b. anorexia nervosa c. pica d. the secular trend
Which of the following would violate the principles of Piaget's theory?
a. if identical twins reached the preoperational stage at different times b. if more intelligent children went through the stages faster than less intelligent children c. if a gifted child skipped the concrete operational stage and went directly to the formal operational stage d. if a child went through a revolutionary change of thought at 2 years of age