The question of whether men or women are more emotional is complicated because it can be interpreted as referring to whether there are sex differences in how much people feel and experience emotions versus sex differences in how openly people express emotions. Evidence for each of these interpretations can be based on a variety of studies in the text. For instance: Girls and women report experiencing more affiliative emotions, such as warmth, and vulnerable emotions, such as sadness and anxiety. Boys and men report experiencing more anger and pride. However, these sex differences do not always emerge when examined using physiological indices or naturalistic observations. Thus, observed sex differences in experienced emotions may be driven by gender roles and stereotypes rather than actual

Question

differences in subjective experiences. However, even the evidence supporting sex differences in emotions shows that men and women experience different emotions. Sex differences in emotional expression are more consistent. Girls tend to express more other oriented positive emotions (e.g., sympathy) and inward focused negative emotions (e.g., fear and shame) than boys, who show more outward focused emotions (e.g., anger) than girls. Girls and women tend to be more emotionally expressive than boys and men, and they tend to convey emotions more accurately. Overall, it is difficult to answer whether men or women are more emotional. Evidence for differences in the experience of emotions is mixed across types of measures (e.g., self-report vs physiological). However, evidence that women are slightly more emotionally expressive is more consistent, but men do tend to facially display certain emotions, such as anger, more than women.

A. that sexism is virtually nonexistent in modern society
B. that men have greater natural aptitudes at the highest levels of math and science
C. that women are socialized to pursue more communal occupations
D. that women are less competitive and thus less likely to excel at the highest levels of science

Answer 1

B. that men have greater natural aptitudes at the highest levels of math and science