During her annual assessment, Olga Lorring, 88 years old, was found to have a decrease in memory recall of 2 points and a decrease in orientation of 2 points. What might cause this type of change in mental status?
a. Severe depression
b. Elevated blood pressure
c. Normal aging
d. Dementia
D
Dementia has a gradual onset that may be detected only by an annual cognitive examination. Depression (response A) and elevated blood pressure (response B) would not cause a change in mental status. Decreased cognition is not a normal aging change (response C).
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A 29-year-old man is distraught at being recently diagnosed with HIV. He has just had his first appointment with his care provider since being diagnosed and the drug treatment regimen is being planned and explained by his primary care provider
Which of the following principles will guide the planning and implementation of the patient's drug treatment regimen? A) HIV replication is best suppressed by the simultaneous use of multiple anti-HIV drugs. B) Suppression of the viral load and maximization of CD4+ levels are best achieved by the exclusive use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). C) The patient and the care provider need to decide whether to use protease inhibitors (PIs) or whether to use NRTIs in treatment. D) The patient's medical history prior to HIV diagnosis will be the primary determinant of the drug regimen that is chosen.
The osteoporosis patient asks the nurse to explain what a bisphosphonate medication does. The nurse will respond,
A) "This medication helps prevent bone resorption, which will help prevent fractures." B) "These drugs increase your phosphorus levels and thereby help with your calcium levels as well." C) "This medication stimulates your parathyroid gland to increase osteoclastic activity." D) "This medication plays an important role in bone remodeling."
What is the difference between a concurrent relationship and a sequential one, in terms of A and B?
a. In a sequential relationship, A occurs before B; in a concurrent relationship, A occurs independently of B. b. In a concurrent relationship, causation is clear; in a sequential relationship, causation is unclear. c. Variable values do not change at the exact same time in a sequential relationship, whereas they change at the exact same time in a concurrent one. d. Measurement of variables is possible in a sequential relationship, whereas measurement of variables is impossible in a concurrent relationship.
Critically thinking nurses must develop which of the following specific attitudes or traits? Select all that apply
__________ Independence __________ Egocentricity __________ Intellectual humility __________ Fair-mindedness __________ Acceptance of rituals __________ Perseverance __________ Confidence