The nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a Whipple procedure for pancreatic cancer. The nurse knows that this procedure is which of the following?
a. partial pancreatecto-my c. vagotomy
b. total pancreatectomy d. biliary stenting
B
Surgical treatment involves either a partial or total pancreatectomy depending on location of tumors in the pancreas. The partial pancreatectomy involves removal of the islet tumor cells, tail or part of the pancreatic body. The total pancreatectomy or a pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) is used when cure is the goal. In a total pancreatectomy, the entire pancreas and spleen are removed. The Whipple procedure involves removal of the head of the pancreas, spleen, distal stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum, regional lymph nodes, and at times the gallbladder. The procedure results in exocrine insufficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Reconstruction of the GI system is performed. A vagotomy is usually done to decrease the risk of peptic ulcer disease. Relief of biliary obstruction can sometimes be accomplished by implanting a stent in the common bile duct with an endoscopic procedure.
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