Which of the following are methods in which children with AIDS could have contracted their disease? (Select all that apply.)
a. During intrauterine life with an HIV-positive mother
b. During the birth process of an HIV-positive mother
c. From other children who are HIV positive
d. From receiving a transfusion contaminated with the HIV virus
e. From breastfeeding by an HIV-positive mother
ANS: A, B, D, E
In the United States, transfusion of infected blood and blood products and transplantation of infected tissues account for 1% of the total adult and adolescent AIDS cases and 2% of the total pediatric AIDS cases. HIV infection can be transmitted from a mother to her infant during pregnancy, at the time of delivery, or after birth, through breastfeeding. In the United States, it is estimated that approximately 30% of infected mothers will transmit HIV to their infants, with approximately 50% to 70% of the transmissions occurring late in utero or intrapartum. In the United States, among children who are less than 13 years old and have AIDS, 93% were infected at birth.
You might also like to view...
Which term is used to describe an abnormally increased convex angulation in the curvature of the thoracic spine?
a. Scoliosis b. Ankylosis c. Lordosis d. Kyphosis
A nurse taking the history of a patient diagnosed with depression discovers that the patient has a number of life strains and daily hassles
The patient and patient's spouse argue frequently, the teenage children in the family are rebellious, and there is seldom enough money to meet all the bills. In what way is this information relevant? a. Negative life events are more likely to negatively affect physical health than mental health. b. Daily hassles are a source of considerable stress and may affect mood more than major misfortunes. c. Life strains associated with the work role are most predictive of the development of major depression. d. Stressful life events are largely overrated as precipitating stressors that lead to the onset of symptoms.
When a fracture is healing, the term used to describe the process of cartilage formation in the fracture to fill the gap is:
A) Callus formation B) Remodeling C) Ossification D) Revascularization
Nursing care of a client for the first 48 hours after surgery includes all of the following interventions. Which action would enable the client to better participate in the other activities?
a. Assist the client to sit up and ambulate as soon and as often as possible. b. Encourage coughing and deep breathing every 2 hours. c. Monitor use of the incentive spirometry every waking hour. d. Provide adequate pain-relief measures.