Which of the following statements best explains why microbial geneticists initially focused on regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional, rather than the translational, level?
A. The process of transcription was best understood by researchers at the time.
B. The process of synthesizing an mRNA transcript is much less complex than translation of mRNA into protein.
C. Cellular regulation of transcription is common to all prokaryotic cells.
D. By regulating the first step of protein synthesis, cells conserve the greatest amount of energy.
Answer: D
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Learned behavior
(a) has a learning component. (b) has a genetic component. (c) has no genetic component. (d) has both a and b.
What phenomena tends to increase genetic variation in a population?
A. Gene flow B. Population bottleneck C. Assortative mating D. Genetic drift E. Founder effect
Some plasmids can replicate in several distinct species of bacteria. Frequently these plasmids have transposons carrying several different antibiotic resistance genes. In a hospital that has an outbreak of several species of bacteria each carrying resistance to three drugs (streptomycin, gentamicin, and penicillin), what is the best way to determine whether or not this resistance is due to a single shared plasmid with all three resistance genes?
A) Demonstrate that all the resistant bacteria have a plasmid. B) Isolate plasmids from all resistant bacterial species and demonstrate that drug-sensitive cells from these same species become resistant to all three drugs when this plasmid is transformed. Confirm that the same plasmids are present in all species by sequencing the plasmid DNA. C) Sequence the genomes of the resistant species and demonstrate mutations in the same homologous genes. D) Isolate plasmids from one resistant species and transform a drug-sensitive strain of the other bacterial species to see if resistance occurs in the transformants.
In order to protect an mRNA from nuclease activity in the cytosol of a cell, a(n) ________ is added to the 3' end during RNA processing
Fill in the blank with correct word.