Chargaff's rules for the pairing of nitrogen bases is

A. A+T = G+C.
B. A = C and G = T.
C. A = T and G = C.
D. A = G and C = T.


Answer: C

Biology & Microbiology

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A. plasma. B. leukocytes. C. erythrocytes. D. platelets. E. None of the choices for this question are correct.

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The fact that myotonic dystrophy worsens with each generation is due to

A) a second somatic point mutation. B) an increasing number of repeated short DNA sequences. C) a transposing tandem triplet repeat. D) family members perceiving their symptoms as worse.

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Kinases are enzymes that can phosphorylate (transfer phosphate groups onto) macromolecules such as proteins. A particular kinase, Kinase 1 is known to promote cell division. It promotes cell division by phosphorylating Protein X. Phosphorylation of Protein X activates Protein X. Once activated, Protein X stimulates the production of other proteins such as Protein Y and Z that directly promote cell division.  In order to function, Kinase 1 requires the presence of Metal A. However, in the presence of Protein A, Kinase 1 is nonfunctional.  From the description, what is considered the substrate of Kinase 1?

A. Protein X B. Protein A C. Protein Y D. Metal A E. Protein Z

Biology & Microbiology

Bacterial isolates from post-surgical infections of several patients on the same hospital floor demonstrate an increase in resistance to similar antibiotics. The pattern of antibiotic resistance in these cases is most likely due to vertical gene transfer among bacteria that carry resistance genes to bacteria that lack those genes.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Biology & Microbiology